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Below are suggested parameters to use in smb.conf file of the Samba server to improve operability with Mac OS X clients. Note that some parameters may not work with your version of Samba - read the smb.conf and vfs_fruit man pages (on Linux) for your system. Other than those shown in the [TimeMachineBackup] share below, I recommend you include all parameters in the [Global] section of smb.conf. For ease of copy > paste, a clean smb.conf section is included at the bottom of this page.

[Global]

Apple extensions ("AAPL") run under SMB2/3 protocol, make that the minimum (probably shouldn't be running SMB1 anyway...) - defaults to SMB2_2 in Samba 4.11+:

min protocol = SMB2 

Apple extensions require support for extended attributes(xattr) - defaults to yes in Samba 4.9+:

ea support = yes

Load in modules (order is critical!) and enable AAPL extensions:

vfs objects = catia fruit streams_xattr  

How to store OS X metadata:

fruit:metadata = stream

For additional setting see the manpage vfs_fruit.

Server icon in Finder (added in Samba 4.5):

fruit:model = MacSamba

File cleanup:

fruit:veto_appledouble = no
...added in Samba 4.3
fruit:posix_rename = yes 
...added in Samba 4.5
fruit:zero_file_id = yes
..added in Samba 4.8
fruit:wipe_intentionally_left_blank_rfork = yes 
fruit:delete_empty_adfiles = yes 

For Time Machine backup share (added in Samba 4.8):

[TimeMachineBackup]
vfs objects = catia fruit streams_xattr
fruit:time machine = yes

As far as I know, testparm will not validate vfs_fruit parameters. (my server runs an old version of Samba :-), but after you have built your smb.conf, you can check for errors anyway with #: testparm or #: testparm -v (which will give you the defaults as well.

Here is the smb.conf code - NOTE - THIS IS NOT A COMPLETE SMB.CONF!!!

[Global]
min protocol = SMB2
vfs objects = catia fruit streams_xattr  
fruit:metadata = stream
fruit:model = MacSamba
fruit:posix_rename = yes 
fruit:veto_appledouble = no
fruit:wipe_intentionally_left_blank_rfork = yes 
fruit:delete_empty_adfiles = yes 

[TimeMachineBackup]
vfs objects = catia fruit streams_xattr
fruit:time machine = yes
#  fruit:time machine max size = SIZE

From Finder, connect to your Samba server using "smb://User@Server". Note that TM backups over smb may now be possible with your server. Other Mac models can be found in "/System/Library/CoreServices/CoreTypes.bundle/Contents/Info.plist". Use "Quick Look", Xcode or plutil to view or convert plist.